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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Towards Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Behaviours Among Communities in Northern Ghana

Received: 20 March 2024     Accepted: 6 August 2024     Published: 11 September 2024
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Abstract

Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) programs have been implemented extensively to eradicate open defecation and enhance sanitation practices. However, concerns about the sustainability of CLTS outcomes persist, necessitating a nuanced examination of the phenomenon. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of people in the Northern region of Ghana towards behaviors associated with the community-led total sanitation (CLTS) programme. The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional one and the approach for the study was quantitative. It involved the use of questionnaire to collect data from respondents. Data were gathered through survey among respondents in 12 communities across 3 districts. Socio-demographic characteristics were analyzed for their associations with knowledge, attitude, and practice. Results revealed significant associations between district, age, religion, occupation, and monthly income level with knowledge, attitude, and practice. Specifically, respondents from Saboba demonstrated higher odds of knowledge compared to Mion and Kpandai districts, while Muslims exhibited higher odds of knowledge compared to Christians. Monthly income levels of 200-500 and 501-1500 Ghanaian cedis were associated with improved knowledge and practice compared to incomes less than 200 cedis. Notably, good knowledge was positively correlated with good attitude. These findings underscore the importance of considering socio-demographic factors in designing and implementing sanitation interventions. Tailored strategies addressing specific factors identified in this study may enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of CLTS programs in the Northern Region of Ghana and similar contexts. Further research and targeted interventions are warranted to address the complex interplay between socio-demographic characteristics and sanitation behaviors.

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.jher.20241003.12
Page(s) 65-77
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

CLTS, Natural Leaders, Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, Open Defecation, Ghana

References
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[2] Cameron, L., Olivia, C., & Shah, S. (2015). `Community-led total sanitation: A practical guide'. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies.
[3] Crocker, J., Shields, K. F., Venkataramanan, V., & Bartram, J. (2017). `Water, sanitation, and hygiene in rural health-care facilities: A cross-sectional study in Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia'. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97(4), 1033-1042.
[4] Ghana Statistical Service. (2014). `2010 Population and housing census: District analytical report of the Kpandai district'. Accra, Ghana: Author.
[5] Heijnen, M., Cumming, O., Peletz, R., Chan, G. K.-S., Brown, J., Baker, K., & Clasen, T. (2014). `Shared sanitation versus individual household latrines: A systematic review of health outcomes'. PLoS ONE, 9(4), e93300.
[6] Hutton, G., & Varughese, M. (2016). `The costs of meeting the 2030 sustainable development goal targets on drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene'. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
[7] Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene (JMP). (2020). `Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2020: Five years into the SDGs'. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).
[8] Kar, K. (2008). `Subsidy or self-respect? Community-led total sanitation'. Environment and Urbanization, 20(2), 523-534.
[9] National Development Planning Commission. (2016). `2016-2020 Northern Region medium term development plan'. Accra, Ghana: Author.
[10] Prüss-Ustün, A., Bartram, J., Clasen, T., Colford Jr, J. M., Cumming, O., Curtis, V., Bonjour, S., Dangour, A. D., De France, J., Fewtrell, L., Freeman, M. C., Gordon, B., Hunter, P. R., Johnston, R. B., Mathers, C., Mäusezahl, D., Medlicott, K., Neira, M., Stocks, M., & Wolf, J. (2014). `Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene for selected adverse health outcomes: An updated analysis with a focus on low- and middle-income countries'. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 222(5), 765-777.
[11] Speich, B., Croll, D., Furst, T., Utzinger, J., & Keiser, J. (2016). `Effect of sanitation and water treatment on intestinal protozoa infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis'. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16(1), 87-99.
[12] United Nations. (2015). ‘Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development’. New York, NY: Author.
[13] United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) & World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). `Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2017: Special focus on inequalities'. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
[14] Venkataramanan, V., Crocker, J., Karon, A., Bartram, J., & Brown, J. (2018). `Community-led total sanitation: A mixed-methods systematic review of evidence and its quality'. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126(2), 026001.
[15] WaterAid. (2018). `It's no joke: The state of the world's toilets'. London, UK: Author.
[16] World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). `Sanitation'. Retrieved from
[17] World Health Organization (WHO) & United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). (2017). `Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines'. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
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  • APA Style

    Muktar, A. M., Saba, C. K. S., Adzo, D. D. (2024). Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Towards Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Behaviours Among Communities in Northern Ghana. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 10(3), 65-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20241003.12

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    ACS Style

    Muktar, A. M.; Saba, C. K. S.; Adzo, D. D. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Towards Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Behaviours Among Communities in Northern Ghana. J. Health Environ. Res. 2024, 10(3), 65-77. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20241003.12

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    AMA Style

    Muktar AM, Saba CKS, Adzo DD. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Towards Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Behaviours Among Communities in Northern Ghana. J Health Environ Res. 2024;10(3):65-77. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20241003.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jher.20241003.12,
      author = {Abdul Muizz Muktar and Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba and Doke Dzigbodi Adzo},
      title = {Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Towards Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Behaviours Among Communities in Northern Ghana
    },
      journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
      volume = {10},
      number = {3},
      pages = {65-77},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20241003.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20241003.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20241003.12},
      abstract = {Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) programs have been implemented extensively to eradicate open defecation and enhance sanitation practices. However, concerns about the sustainability of CLTS outcomes persist, necessitating a nuanced examination of the phenomenon. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of people in the Northern region of Ghana towards behaviors associated with the community-led total sanitation (CLTS) programme. The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional one and the approach for the study was quantitative. It involved the use of questionnaire to collect data from respondents. Data were gathered through survey among respondents in 12 communities across 3 districts. Socio-demographic characteristics were analyzed for their associations with knowledge, attitude, and practice. Results revealed significant associations between district, age, religion, occupation, and monthly income level with knowledge, attitude, and practice. Specifically, respondents from Saboba demonstrated higher odds of knowledge compared to Mion and Kpandai districts, while Muslims exhibited higher odds of knowledge compared to Christians. Monthly income levels of 200-500 and 501-1500 Ghanaian cedis were associated with improved knowledge and practice compared to incomes less than 200 cedis. Notably, good knowledge was positively correlated with good attitude. These findings underscore the importance of considering socio-demographic factors in designing and implementing sanitation interventions. Tailored strategies addressing specific factors identified in this study may enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of CLTS programs in the Northern Region of Ghana and similar contexts. Further research and targeted interventions are warranted to address the complex interplay between socio-demographic characteristics and sanitation behaviors.
    },
     year = {2024}
    }
    

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    T1  - Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Towards Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Behaviours Among Communities in Northern Ghana
    
    AU  - Abdul Muizz Muktar
    AU  - Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba
    AU  - Doke Dzigbodi Adzo
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    JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20241003.12
    AB  - Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) programs have been implemented extensively to eradicate open defecation and enhance sanitation practices. However, concerns about the sustainability of CLTS outcomes persist, necessitating a nuanced examination of the phenomenon. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of people in the Northern region of Ghana towards behaviors associated with the community-led total sanitation (CLTS) programme. The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional one and the approach for the study was quantitative. It involved the use of questionnaire to collect data from respondents. Data were gathered through survey among respondents in 12 communities across 3 districts. Socio-demographic characteristics were analyzed for their associations with knowledge, attitude, and practice. Results revealed significant associations between district, age, religion, occupation, and monthly income level with knowledge, attitude, and practice. Specifically, respondents from Saboba demonstrated higher odds of knowledge compared to Mion and Kpandai districts, while Muslims exhibited higher odds of knowledge compared to Christians. Monthly income levels of 200-500 and 501-1500 Ghanaian cedis were associated with improved knowledge and practice compared to incomes less than 200 cedis. Notably, good knowledge was positively correlated with good attitude. These findings underscore the importance of considering socio-demographic factors in designing and implementing sanitation interventions. Tailored strategies addressing specific factors identified in this study may enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of CLTS programs in the Northern Region of Ghana and similar contexts. Further research and targeted interventions are warranted to address the complex interplay between socio-demographic characteristics and sanitation behaviors.
    
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