Research Article
Antibiotic Consumption and Bacterial Resistance Pattern During Three Years at a Tertiary Hospital in Mashhad, Eastern Iran
Sepideh Hasanzadeh,
Ali Mehri,
Mahin Sadat Shahabifar,
Kiarash Ghazvini*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
95-99
Received:
5 January 2023
Accepted:
1 August 2023
Published:
24 November 2023
Abstract: One of the most significant global public health challenges is antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Improper use of antibiotics is among the leading causes of drug resistance to various substances. In Eastern Iran's Mashhad, a tertiary hospital has undertaken research on antibiotic usage and bacterial resistance patterns for three years, as part of a regional action plan to combat healthcare-associated illnesses. The Ghaem hospital's pharmacy and microbiology lab have diligently collected information on antibiotic use and bacterial resistance over this period. The data revealed that Meropenem, Ceftriaxone, and Ciprofloxacin were the most frequently used antibiotics in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Between 2017 and 2019, E. coli, A. baumannii, and K. pneumonia exhibited significant changes in their resistance rates (RR) to various antibiotic classes, with the exception of Imipenem. Notably, S. aureus displayed declining trends in Ciprofloxacin RRs. Our findings indicate a reduction in the use of several antibiotics at Ghaem hospital during this period, while Metronidazole, Imipenem, and Cefepime remained preferred choices. The overuse of broad-spectrum antimicrobials has resulted in serious public health issues. Hence, continued efforts are essential to optimize antibiotic administration, mitigate antibiotic resistance, and gather additional data for policy-making.
Abstract: One of the most significant global public health challenges is antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Improper use of antibiotics is among the leading causes of drug resistance to various substances. In Eastern Iran's Mashhad, a tertiary hospital has undertaken research on antibiotic usage and bacterial resistance patterns for three years, as part of a re...
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Review Article
Milk Handling, Hygienic Practise and Microbial Qualities of Milk in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2023
Pages:
100-104
Received:
9 September 2023
Accepted:
25 September 2023
Published:
18 December 2023
Abstract: This article had reviewed several research papers and collected information and tracked up. The review revealed that most of the dairy men have the perception that bad quality milk affects the health wellbeing of human (consumers). But the main problem concerned with the hygienic practice is that there is no standard (clear cut point) to be followed by the smallholder dairy producers. The producers do right what they perceive correct enough to keep the quality like washing their hand before milking without detergents and sanitizers. There were differences in hand washing, with some people not washing their hands. There was a difference between breast hygiene practices, drying and sterilization. Most respondents use traditionally made equipment for milking and storage in rural Ethiopia, while they use little plastic or stainless steel in areas around cities and towns. This review found also that the smallholder in most parts of the country do no sterilize the milk utensils even they do not wash. But in some cases they use their indigenous knowledge like fumigation and smoking. Generally, the hygiene standards and quality of milk in Ethiopia are low, resulting in high microbial levels in the milk. Given these facts, the sector needs to intervene in awareness and training, both in the short term and, if possible, in the long term.
Abstract: This article had reviewed several research papers and collected information and tracked up. The review revealed that most of the dairy men have the perception that bad quality milk affects the health wellbeing of human (consumers). But the main problem concerned with the hygienic practice is that there is no standard (clear cut point) to be followe...
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