Research Article
Spectra Analysis of Endocrine Related Compounds and Heavy Metals in Petroleum Hydrocarbon Impacted Soil
Ezenwelu Chijioke Obinna
,
Ilechukwu Cyril Chijioke,
Iloanya Lauretta Eberechukwu,
Onwah Joy,
Chigbo Malachy Chidiebere,
Oparaji Emeka Henry*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
78-84
Received:
25 September 2024
Accepted:
28 October 2024
Published:
22 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jher.20241004.11
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Abstract: There has been increasing influx of noxious pollutants into the ecosystem, these recalcitrant affect all biosphere of life including human progression. Petroleum compounds are the chief source of hydrocarbons and their processing contributes to various fractions of potent poisons into the ecosystem. Petroleum hydrocarbon impacted soil was sampled from spilled sites located within the hinters of Rivers state Nigeria and using a spectroscopic assay method, they were examined for the presence of heavy metals and chemicals associated to bisphenol-A bioaccumulation. The collection point for the control experiment was roughly 1.04 kilometers away from the suburban city. The test and control studies revealed the presence of heavy metals Fe, Pb, and Cu, respectively. However, the concentrations of Fe and Pb were rather high, measuring 14.01±0.05b and 3.52±0.2a mg/ml, respectively. Cu was found at 3.22±025c and 1.08±045c mg/ml for the test and control experiment respectively while 4.56±0.15c mg/g of Pb was identified in the test experiment only Heavy metals of Cd, Ni, As, Pb and Mn were below detectable limit in both experiments, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that sample II's amide I was severely deformed, but all of the damaged soil samples had significant hydroxylation at about 3300 cm-1. The impacted soil sample also exhibited evidence of amide I bending. Because of the population's increasing demand for elite supplies, there is a growing number of oil drilling and exploration businesses in our nation, making the current study of clinical and environmental health vital. The results of this assessment will serve as a suitable manual for monitoring organizations, enabling them to strictly enforce policies for exploration and tighten all departure ports in order to safeguard the ecosystem right away.
Abstract: There has been increasing influx of noxious pollutants into the ecosystem, these recalcitrant affect all biosphere of life including human progression. Petroleum compounds are the chief source of hydrocarbons and their processing contributes to various fractions of potent poisons into the ecosystem. Petroleum hydrocarbon impacted soil was sampled f...
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Research Article
Influence of Physico-Chemical Parameters on the Seasonal Dynamic of Salmonella spp Isolated from Urban Streams in Yaounde (Cameroon)
Henriette Ateba Bessa*,
Mireille Ebiane Nougang,
Ghislaine Madjiki Adjia,
Gloria Eneke Takem,
Bernadette Nka Nnomo,
Blandine Pulchérie Tamatcho Kweyang,
Chrétien Lontsi Djimeli,
Olive Noah Ewoti,
Jean Samuel Eheth,
Moïse Nola,
Thomas Njine
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
85-101
Received:
26 August 2024
Accepted:
21 September 2024
Published:
26 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jher.20241004.12
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Abstract: As water resources in urban areas are becoming increasingly degraded, due in large part to poor sanitation, a study has been was conducted to examine the influence of physicochemical parameters and seasonal variation on the distribution of the enterobacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp that have been isolated from the urban streams in the city of Yaounde. Bi-monthly water samples were collected from nine rivers during 12 months (April 2010 to March 2011). The isolation of bacterial germs was done according to the classical method. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed according to Standard methods. Salmonella spp was detected all over the studied year with a high prevalence of 49.4%. This prevalence varies from one season to another. Escherichia coli ranged between 2.5 x 103 to 67.1 x 103UFC/100ml with highest prevalence observed during the long dry season. Physicochemical parameters revealed neutral to slightly alkaline waters (pH6.7 – 8.8), with low mineralization (EC= 126 – 743 µS/cm). Dissolved oxygen was generally less than 4 mg/l. Physicochemical parameters also showed temporal homogeneity in most of the variables (pH, EC, TDS, total hardness, alkalinity, Na, K, Mg, Ca). None of the physicochemical environmental variables analyzed had any specific influence on the presence of Escherichia coli or Salmonella. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp, as the sources of Salmonella spp contamination are probably different from those of E. coli. The observed pollution of rivers is related to the large anthropogenic activities in particular, the multiplicity of small farming closed to markets and houses, and husbandry activities along the streams which are important sources of organic matter. These rivers constitute a pool of Salmonella that can be easily disseminated in to different ecological systems and therefore represent a serious health risk for people who may come into direct or indirect contact with this pathogen.
Abstract: As water resources in urban areas are becoming increasingly degraded, due in large part to poor sanitation, a study has been was conducted to examine the influence of physicochemical parameters and seasonal variation on the distribution of the enterobacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp that have been isolated from the urban streams in the c...
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Research Article
Practices and Knowledge of Smallholder Farmers Towards Safe Pesticide Management in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Abebaw Adamu*,
Anduamlak Assaye
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
102-113
Received:
13 October 2024
Accepted:
4 November 2024
Published:
26 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.jher.20241004.13
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Abstract: In recent years, safe pesticide management has become increasingly important. Thus the research was aimed to evaluate the current state of pesticide management practices and farmers knowledge. The study deployed a multistage sampling technique to select participant districts and the respondents. About 268 sample respondents were drawn from six districts of East Gojjam zone. The results revealed that the majority of the farmers (69.45%) store their pesticides in their houses that they perceive anybody can’t be reached. Farmers were found to have poor practices of using face masks, overalls, goggles, and gloves. Farmers frequently engaged in good practices of washing and calibrating spraying machines. Around 57.22%, 41.9%, and 38.9% of farmers visit their freshly sprayed fields within 24 hours of spraying insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, respectively without using personal protective equipment. Farmers demonstrated proficiency in several hygienic practices including taking a bath, changing clothes, and washing cloths immediately after spraying. Participant farmers experienced various health symptoms after spraying pesticides. The majority of the farmers were cognizant on exposure routs of pesticides. However, they didn't understand the intended pictogram messages from pesticide containers. The study demonstrated that improper pesticide management had an impact on both the environment and farmers' health. Thus, there is a need to improve farmers' knowledge and skills by offering regular awareness-raising training on safe pesticide management techniques.
Abstract: In recent years, safe pesticide management has become increasingly important. Thus the research was aimed to evaluate the current state of pesticide management practices and farmers knowledge. The study deployed a multistage sampling technique to select participant districts and the respondents. About 268 sample respondents were drawn from six dist...
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